First-Aid Guidance
任何医疗紧急情况的第一步是拨打911.
对于任何受伤或紧急医疗状况,完成快速受害者评估. Do not move the victim.
CARDIAC ARREST:
心脏骤停是指某人的心脏突然停止跳动. If a person is unresponsive, and they are not breathing normally, they could be in cardiac arrest, and you need to act quickly.
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拨打911寻求紧急帮助并开始心肺复苏术,如果有的话使用除颤器. 校园内的几个地方都有除颤器.
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大声呼救,叫人拿一台AED, 但不要让受害者去取除颤器.
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If you are untrained in CPR, 把你的手机开到扬声器上,与911接线员通话, and start hands-only CPR.
Hands-only CPR
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Shake the person and ask, “Are you okay?“如果没有反应,没有生命迹象,就只能用手进行心肺复苏术.
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Kneel beside the person.
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将手的脚后跟放在胸部中间,在两个乳房之间.
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将另一只手的脚后跟放在第一只手的上面,手指交叉.
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把你的身体放在肩膀的正上方,保持手臂伸直.
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在胸部中央用力快速推,每分钟约100次. 数每分钟100到120拍的歌曲的节拍, such as “Staying Alive” by the Bee Gees, “Crazy in Love” by Beyonceé, or “Work It” by Missy Elliott.
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继续用力,直到有明显的生命迹象, like breathing and movement, or someone else arrives to take over CPR, or you are too exhausted to continue.
PLEASE NOTE: 校园里的几栋楼里都有自动体外除颤器(aed). AED是一种医疗设备,供训练有素的员工或公众使用,以应对明显的心脏骤停病例. 最新的地点列表可在设施中找到, Administration, 和“校园AED位置”文件夹中的“规划”网页: http://tinyurl.com/vqp8zlt
CONSCIOUS VICTIM:
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问他们正在经历什么伤害或困难.
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检查并提供急救这些投诉以及其他观察到的情况.
UNCONSCIOUS OR INCOHERENT VICTIM:
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从头到脚检查是否有受伤或生病的迹象.
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根据情况提供急救或心肺复苏.
EXTERNAL BLEEDING:
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Apply direct pressure to the wound.
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Wear medical gloves, if available.
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用无菌纱布或干净的布盖住伤口.
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将受伤部位抬高到高于心脏的高度,以减少血液流动.
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如果这些措施不能减缓血液流动,在出血点上方施加压力.
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For arms or hand, apply pressure to the brachial artery, 在肘部上方的内臂脉动点.
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For legs and feet, apply pressure to the femoral artery, 脉动点位于大腿内侧的腹股沟处.
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SEVERE INTERNAL BLEEDING:
Indicated by increasing bruising and swelling or obvious contusion of the skin; painful, tender, rigid, bruised abdomen; vomiting or coughing up blood; stools that are black or contain bright red blood.
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Monitor airway, breathing and circulation.
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Keep the victim lying on the left side.
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Elevate the victim’s legs 8” - 12”.
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Seek immediate medical attention.
SHOCK:
严重的出血会迅速发展为休克. 其他可能导致休克的情况包括体液流失, as with excessive sweating or dehydration; circulatory collapse; major trauma; or extreme stress from an extreme emotional event.
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Symptoms to look for:
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精神状态改变(极度焦虑和不安)
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皮肤苍白、冰冷、潮湿,嘴唇和指甲暗沉(蓝色)
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Nausea and vomiting
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Rapid breathing and rapid pulse
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Unresponsive
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What to do:
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Lay the victim on their back.
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Raise the victim’s legs 8” - 12”.
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把毯子或外套盖在受害者身上,以防止身体热量的流失.
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BURNS:
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Remove all affected clothing.
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For first- and second-degree burns, immerse in cold water, 或者用凉爽的湿纱布或干净的布盖住.
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用于三度烧伤(涉及脂肪和肌肉), cover with sterile non-stick dressing; monitor airway, breathing, and circulation; observe for signs of shock, and seek immediate medical attention.
CHOKING:
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如果有人窒息但咳嗽或能说话, keep eyes on the person, 但不要尝试海姆利克急救法或其他干预措施. Ask the person if they need help.
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如果病人无法呼吸或说话, 由于阻塞表现出恐慌或痛苦, 或者他们会用手搂住脖子, perform the Heimlich maneuver.
FRACTURE (Obvious or suspected broken bone):
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保持伤者不动,并固定伤者直到医疗救援到来.
HEART ATTACK:
拨打911请求运输或将受害者送到最近的急诊室.
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帮助病人采取最不痛苦的姿势,通常是双腿向上,膝盖弯曲坐着.
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松开脖子和肚脐周围的衣服.
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如果可以的话,让受害者咀嚼一片阿司匹林.
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询问受害者是否有心脏病史以及是否有硝化甘油的处方. 如果有,在舌下服用硝酸甘油片. 只有在给病人开处方的情况下才使用硝酸甘油.
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监测气道、呼吸和循环,如果病人失去意识,开始心肺复苏术.
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如果受害者失去意识,并且有AED,请按照AED的指示进行.
POISONING OR OVERDOSE:
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确定所涉及的物质以及它是如何被摄取的,
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Place the victim on their left side.
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拨打中毒控制热线1-800-222-1222.
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除非中毒控制中心或卫生专业人员指示,否则不要催吐.
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待在受害者身边直到医疗救援到来.
SEIZURES:
大多数癫痫会自行停止,但在癫痫发作期间,患者可能会受伤或受伤. 当癫痫发作时,主要目标是保护患者免受伤害.
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Try to prevent a fall.
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把病人放在一个安全的地方.
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清理家具或其他尖锐物品.
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Cushion the person’s head.
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放松紧绷的衣服,尤其是在脖子上.
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Turn the person on their left side.
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寻找带有查封说明的医疗ID手镯或项链.
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待在病人身边,直到他们康复或医疗救助到来.
For Emergencies
For emergencies dial (911) or (4357) on any campus phone.